Title |
Influenza D Virus Infection in Feral Swine Populations, United States
|
---|---|
Published in |
Emerging Infectious Diseases, June 2018
|
DOI | 10.3201/eid2406.172102 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Lucas Ferguson, Kaijian Luo, Alicia K. Olivier, Fred L. Cunningham, Sherry Blackmon, Katie Hanson-Dorr, Hailiang Sun, John Baroch, Mark W. Lutman, Bianca Quade, William Epperson, Richard Webby, Thomas J. DeLiberto, Xiu-Feng Wan |
Abstract |
Influenza D virus (IDV) has been identified in domestic cattle, swine, camelid, and small ruminant populations across North America, Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa. Our study investigated seroprevalence and transmissibility of IDV in feral swine. During 2012-2013, we evaluated feral swine populations in 4 US states; of 256 swine tested, 57 (19.1%) were IDV seropositive. Among 96 archived influenza A virus-seropositive feral swine samples collected from 16 US states during 2010-2013, 41 (42.7%) were IDV seropositive. Infection studies demonstrated that IDV-inoculated feral swine shed virus 3-5 days postinoculation and seroconverted at 21 days postinoculation; 50% of in-contact naive feral swine shed virus, seroconverted, or both. Immunohistochemical staining showed viral antigen within epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, including trachea, soft palate, and lungs. Our findings suggest that feral swine might serve an important role in the ecology of IDV. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 54 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 11 | 20% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 17% |
Student > Master | 7 | 13% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 9% |
Other | 5 | 9% |
Unknown | 12 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 12 | 22% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 15% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 13% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 6% |
Other | 5 | 9% |
Unknown | 13 | 24% |