Title |
History of Mosquitoborne Diseases in the United States and Implications for New Pathogens - Volume 24, Number 5—May 2018 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
|
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Published in |
Emerging Infectious Diseases, May 2018
|
DOI | 10.3201/eid2405.171609 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Max J. Moreno-Madriñán, Michael Turell |
Abstract |
The introduction and spread of West Nile virus and the recent introduction of chikungunya and Zika viruses into the Americas have raised concern about the potential for various tropical pathogens to become established in North America. A historical analysis of yellow fever and malaria incidences in the United States suggests that it is not merely a temperate climate that keeps these pathogens from becoming established. Instead, socioeconomic changes are the most likely explanation for why these pathogens essentially disappeared from the United States yet remain a problem in tropical areas. In contrast to these anthroponotic pathogens that require humans in their transmission cycle, zoonotic pathogens are only slightly affected by socioeconomic factors, which is why West Nile virus became established in North America. In light of increasing globalization, we need to be concerned about the introduction of pathogens such as Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 17 | 49% |
Finland | 2 | 6% |
Switzerland | 1 | 3% |
Brazil | 1 | 3% |
India | 1 | 3% |
Sweden | 1 | 3% |
Canada | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 11 | 31% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 24 | 69% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 14% |
Scientists | 3 | 9% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 9% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 103 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 20 | 19% |
Student > Master | 12 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 9% |
Professor | 7 | 7% |
Other | 17 | 17% |
Unknown | 29 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 19 | 18% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 13% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 10 | 10% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 6 | 6% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 5% |
Other | 19 | 18% |
Unknown | 31 | 30% |